Remembering the
past is one thing but can we remember the future. That is, can we remember
today what might happen to us tomorrow? We know for example that causes precede
their effects and our actions are directed towards the future. This
is true for what we know of memory. Our perceptions are the effects
of external stimuli and causeality in the same way hinders our ability to
remember the future.
Lewis Carroll's Through
the Looking Glass, the White Queen tells Alice that in her land, "memory works both
ways." Not only can the Queen remember things from the past, but she also
remembers "things that happened the week after next." Alice attempts
to argue with the Queen, stating "I'm sure mine only works one way...I
can't remember things before they happen." The Queen replies, "It's a
poor sort of memory that only works backwards."
How much better
would our lives be if we could live in the White Queen's kingdom, where our memory
would work backwards and forewords? For instance, in such a world, you could
take an exam and then study for it afterwards to make sure you performed well
in the past.
Could we be living in the White Queen's kingdom?
Yoon-Ho Kim, R. et al, reported in early 1999 an
elaboration on a quantum eraser experiment (Quantum Eraser Delayed Choice) involving the concepts considered in
Wheeler's delayed choice experiment. What was able to be gleaned from this experiment
is interrupted by many as evidence for backward causation.
The experiment doesn’t make bedtime reading but goes a little like this: two photons A‘ and B‘ are put into an entangled quantum state. The state or behavior detected in
photon A is dependent on the detection of its entangled twin photon B. However,
the detection of A‘s behavior occurs some nanoseconds before the detection of
photon B. Thus, it would seem that the detection of photon B has a (nonlocal)
effect on the behavior of photon A, which is temporally prior to it, and so can
potentially be interpreted as a case of backward causation.
At the same time research from a
different domian may be indicating that our brain
has the ability to not only reflect on past experiences, but also anticipate
future experiences. This ability for the brain to "see into the
future" is often referred to as psi phenomena.
Dr. Bem, a social
psychologist at Cornell University, conducted a series of studies that will
soon be published in Journal of Personality
and Social Psychology. One such experiment involves recalling a list of
given words.
We know that
rehearsing a set of words makes them easier to recall in the future, but what
if the rehearsal occurs after the recall? In one of the studies, college
students were given a list of words and after reading the list, were given a
surprise recall test to see how many words they remembered.
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