tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-52955330946664790502024-03-15T18:09:15.679-07:00Applied PsychologyUsing psychology to help overcome problems in areas, such as mental health, business management, education, health, product design, ergonomics, and law.Jack Dikian onlinehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04457981192945424948noreply@blogger.comBlogger213125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5295533094666479050.post-11652758603068478442016-10-10T19:34:00.000-07:002017-05-21T01:35:17.415-07:00Family, friends and colleagues <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="color: #6a6a6a; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-weight: bold;">Gladys Berejiklian</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #545454; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> & Jack Dikian</span><br />
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<br />Jack Dikian onlinehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04457981192945424948noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5295533094666479050.post-41925981318111065762016-10-10T19:19:00.000-07:002016-10-25T17:36:21.067-07:00Welcome to the Loony Bin<span style="background-color: black;"><br /></span>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: #999999; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14px;">Welcome to the Loony Bin tracks attitudes and approaches in psychiatry and the law over 55 years. The cases illustrate miraculous cures as well as blundering repetition of harmful excesses. Bell's book (autobiography) is certainly does not shun from calling the whatever, whatever. For decades he has taken iconoclastic and often unfashionable positions in relation to what he has regarded as fads and unscientific trends of the day.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: #999999; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14px;">Dr David Bell is a well known Sydney neuro-psychiatrist, who has run a psychiatric research unit, developed a therapeutic community, pioneered addiction rehabilitation, been a driving force in forensic studies.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: #999999;">I’m no political commentator, not even a columnist. This isn’t yet another piece pretending to make meaning of prevailing political winds. Instead, I wanted to weigh-in on something more paradoxical than even our continued, albeit weary, belief in the goodness of our political system - compulsory voting. After all, we are only one of a small number of countries (22) that have us turn-up to vote. Other nations in this small but noteworthy club include; The Congo, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Honduras Uruguay, you get the picture. But does compulsory voting really lead to a fairer more democratic system? This is a particularly pertinent question when election results are extremely tight.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: black; color: #999999;"><span style="color: #999999;">As far back as the late 18th century, French philosopher, mathematician, and early political scientist </span><span style="color: red;">Marquis de Condorcet</span><span style="color: #999999;"> described what is known as the paradox of voting. Marquis de Condorcet noted that collective preferences for a cause, an ideology, a political party can be cyclic rather than transitive despite the achievements of the incumbent. This is so even when the preferences of individual voters are not cyclic. The conundrum arises because it means that majority wishes can be in conflict with each other. This occurs because the conflicting majorities are each made up of different, albeit large groups of individuals polarised in a political faith, however lacking real and practical ability to govern in their own right.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: #999999;"><span style="color: #999999;">If we fast track to the mid-1970s the American economist </span><span style="color: red;">Anthony Downs</span><span style="color: #999999;"> posited the paradox of voting; here the closeness of an election result coupled with voter self-interest can explain significant elements of political life. Downs showed that in democracies the aggregate distribution of political opinion forces political parties in democracies to adopt more centrist positions. Note Malcolm Turnbull’s immediate attraction of less conservative voters.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: #999999;">Downs’ paradox of voting is that for a balanced, self-interested voter, the costs of voting will normally exceed the expected benefits. However, because the chance of exercising the pivotal vote is minuscule compared to the anticipated benefits of the different possible outcomes, the expected benefits of voting are less than the costs. Again, this paradox is acutely germane to elections like the one we just had – ones where a small number of votes tips the scale one way or the other. Suffice to say, the fact that people vote at all is a problem for those juggling good economics management and political longevity – read the self-interested politician.</span></div>
Jack Dikian onlinehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04457981192945424948noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5295533094666479050.post-87313696221108393872016-08-24T22:17:00.000-07:002016-08-24T22:19:05.158-07:00 Fermat's Last Theorem - a Tree house of Horror <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;"><span style="color: #999999;"><span style="background-color: black; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">The popularity of The Simpsons is well known. It
is after all the longest-running sitcom of all time. It’s canny; it’s also one
of the most literate television programs on air - containing many references to
subject matter and scholars from various academic fields. One of the instances
of mathematics appears in the "Treehouse of Horror VI" episode.</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJn_cbuywkAsDxhgrkFekawkFi_pWA_T01XIsF98xwkL6OojbQDmRNpRfL87b7WHUGickUEBlzYd_oYRx3NZGBIbe5m1v1bwooIxZc2CWBOYTE_PU1VoRempAGb1JPUcLqtOw82oYOc-eg/s1600/jack.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJn_cbuywkAsDxhgrkFekawkFi_pWA_T01XIsF98xwkL6OojbQDmRNpRfL87b7WHUGickUEBlzYd_oYRx3NZGBIbe5m1v1bwooIxZc2CWBOYTE_PU1VoRempAGb1JPUcLqtOw82oYOc-eg/s320/jack.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #999999; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">The equation 1782<sup>12 </sup>+1841<sup>12 </sup>=1922<sup>12
</sup>is visible, just as the dimension begins to collapse. The joke is that
the twelfth root of the sum does evaluate to 1922 due to rounding errors when
entered into most handheld calculators; notice that the left hand side is odd,
while 1922<sup>12</sup> is even, so the equality cannot hold. Instead of 1922,
it is approximately 1921.99999996. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #999999; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #999999; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Some will recognize this as Fermat's Last Theorem.
The theorem states that no three positive integers a, b, and c satisfy the
equation a<sup>n</sup> + b<sup>n</sup> = c<sup>n</sup> for any integer value of
n greater than two. You may also know this is one of the most famous math
problems in history, as it remained unsolved for well over 300 years.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #999999; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #999999; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">In the margin of his copy of a book by
Diophantus, Pierre de Fermat wrote that it is possible to have a square be the
sum of two squares, but that a cube can not be the sum of two cubes, nor a
fourth power be a sum of two fourth powers, and so on. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #999999; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #999999; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Given that there are infinitely many possible
numbers to check it was quite a claim, but Fermat was absolutely sure that no
numbers fitted the equation because he had a logical watertight argument.
Sadly, he never wrote down his proof. Instead, in the margin of a book, he left
a tantalizing note in Latin: “I have a truly marvellous demonstration of this
proposition which this margin is too narrow to contain.”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #999999; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #999999; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Although this is easily stated, it has proved to
be one of the most puzzling problems in the whole history of mathematics. Long
after all the other statements made by Fermat had been either proved or disproved,
this remained.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #999999; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #999999; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">The correct proof came in May 1995 by Andrew
Wiles. Wiles had stumbled upon the last theorem as a 10-year-old and then spent
the next 30 years working on the problem. A childhood dream evolved into an
adult obsession, and when he eventually figured out a possible strategy for
proving Fermat’s riddle, he worked in secrecy for seven years before revealing
his 200-page proof.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #999999; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #999999; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">The proof ultimately uses many techniques from
algebraic geometry and number theory, and has many ramifications in these
branches of mathematics. It also uses standard constructions of modern
algebraic geometry, such as the category of schemes and Iwasawa theory, and
other 20th-century techniques not available to Fermat.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #999999; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #999999; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Of course there are still problems out there to
solve. In order to celebrate mathematics in the new millennium, The Clay
Mathematics Institute of Cambridge, Massachusetts established seven Prize
Problems. The Prizes were conceived to record some of the most difficult
problems with which mathematicians were grappling. There is a $1 million reward
for each of these so-called Millennium Problems.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #999999; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #999999; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Of the original seven Millennium Prize Problems
set by the Clay Mathematics Institute, six have yet to be solved. These are:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #999999; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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</div>
<ul>
<li><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #999999; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">P versus NP</span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #999999; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Hodge conjecture</span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #999999; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Riemann hypothesis</span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #999999; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Yang–Mills existence and mass gap</span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #999999; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Navier–Stokes existence and smoothness</span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #999999; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture</span></span></li>
</ul>
<span style="background-color: black;"><br /></span>
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</span></div>
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Jack Dikian onlinehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04457981192945424948noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5295533094666479050.post-53767215104264949042016-06-07T19:02:00.002-07:002016-06-07T19:02:21.756-07:00Social networks and increases in anxiety about motherhood. Research from Ohio State University may make new moms reconsider why
they use Social Networks to post about their children – particularly the
impact of frequent posting by some and increases in anxiety about motherhood. <br />
<a href="http://i4.mirror.co.uk/incoming/article6824288.ece/ALTERNATES/s1200/Mums-On-Facebook.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" class="irc_mi i3shXdmzuFlg-pQOPx8XEepE" height="104" src="http://i4.mirror.co.uk/incoming/article6824288.ece/ALTERNATES/s1200/Mums-On-Facebook.jpg" style="margin-top: 128px;" width="200" /></a>The results (the study has some with important limitations) published in <em>Sex Roles</em>,
found that when women felt more societal pressure to be perfect mothers
and viewed motherhood as central to their identity, they were more
likely to share child-related updates and photos. The majority of mums
in the study did use their baby's image as a profile photo at some
point.<br />
<br />
The mothers who strove for perfection as parents and
sought external validation for their maternal role also expressed
stronger emotional responses — both positive and negative — to the
frequency and nature of their friends' likes and comments.<br />
That
relationship with Facebook may have come at a cost. Nine months after
giving birth, those same mothers reported more depressive symptoms like
having a poor appetite, not being able to shake off the blues and
experiencing restless sleep.<br />
<br />
The study couldn't pinpoint a
cause-and-effect dynamic between a new mum's desire for validation, her
increased Facebook use and a greater risk for symptoms of depression,
but the researchers believe there could be a direct link.<br />
<br />
Like
with any personal social media post, users are trying to carefully craft
their identity. New mothers, in particular, encounter unyielding
expectations about how they should behave, which can feel magnified on a
platform like Facebook. They may feel pressure to adhere to impossibly
high parenting standards, and turn to Facebook for both support in
meeting those expectations and validation that they're fulfilling a
stereotypical maternal role.Jack Dikian onlinehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04457981192945424948noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5295533094666479050.post-88698231594939276542016-05-05T19:46:00.000-07:002016-05-05T19:47:21.231-07:00Incidence of psychiatric diagnoses in offspring prenatally exposed to SSRIs<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #999999;">A recent article in the Journal
of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry presents a study
looking at prenatal exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
and associated increased rates of depression diagnoses in early adolescence.
The report stresses that these findings are preliminary and should not be
construed to change clinical practice. </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_Cmj2MwDGcG_dUF2VtM1VVdu90dsKxWYmXTfnIWBW7qlhk6cd94txWcMK9S5_NF8W7Z2cjkEUYQZybd3V-hf6Uc00qJkN-2HCNl0LFhWNihPAYbjnwlOqt0KD8_q1D2DLvZBEcMhFP14Q/s1600/ssri+dikian.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_Cmj2MwDGcG_dUF2VtM1VVdu90dsKxWYmXTfnIWBW7qlhk6cd94txWcMK9S5_NF8W7Z2cjkEUYQZybd3V-hf6Uc00qJkN-2HCNl0LFhWNihPAYbjnwlOqt0KD8_q1D2DLvZBEcMhFP14Q/s1600/ssri+dikian.jpg" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #999999;">The study is the first to
investigate the incidence of psychiatric diagnoses in offspring prenatally
exposed to SSRIs as far out as adolescence, noting however the vital importance
of treating maternal depression, which can have significant adverse effects on
offspring. Untreated maternal depression has been shown to increase risks of
several perinatal outcomes including preterm birth, delivery by C-section, and
bleeding during delivery.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #999999;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #999999;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #999999;">Researchers used Finnish national
birth registry data to determine the cumulative incidence of depression,
anxiety disorders, autism spectrum disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder in the offspring of four groups of mother-offspring dyads: mothers exposed
to SSRIs during pregnancy, mothers exposed to psychiatric disorder but not to
antidepressants, mothers who used SSRIs only before pregnancy), and children of
mothers unexposed to either antidepressants or psychiatric disorders.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #999999;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="color: #999999; text-align: justify;">They found the cumulative
incidence of depression among offspring exposed prenatally to SSRIs was 8.2% by
age 14.9 years, compared with 1.9% in the psychiatric disorder/no medication
group and 2.8% in the SSRI-discontinued group. In contrast, SSRI prenatal
exposure was not associated with an increased risk of autism spectrum disorder,
ADHD, or anxiety.</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
Jack Dikian onlinehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04457981192945424948noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5295533094666479050.post-73910631881990652122016-05-03T17:35:00.001-07:002016-05-03T17:35:37.159-07:00Forgiveness is a conscious and deliberate decision<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #999999;">We all have had the need to forgive, be forgiven, and more so have an idea of what is and isn’t forgiveness. The basic definition of forgiveness is the action or process of forgiving or being forgiven.</span></div>
<br />
<br />
<img src="http://i0.wp.com/kevinspear.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/Spear_2278.jpg" /><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #999999;">Forgiveness is a conscious, deliberate decision to
release feelings of resentment or vengeance toward a person or group who
has harmed you, regardless of whether they actually deserve your
forgiveness. Experts who study or teach forgiveness
make clear that when you forgive; you do not gloss over or deny the
seriousness of an offense against you.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #999999;">Forgiveness does not mean forgetting, nor does it mean condoning or excusing offenses.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #999999;">Understanding forgiveness is important because when
we holding resentment and anger, guilt and shame, impacts our general
well being, happiness and our relationships.
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #999999;">And forgiveness is not for the other person – it’s
not just about being altruistic. Those who hold anger and resentment are
more likely to present psychological and organic illness. Forgiveness
doesn’t have to follow the other person’s
apology. Forgiveness is an internal event where you give up the need
for an apology, a need to maintain anger, and perhaps disappointment.
But also, you can’t affect the past. Forgiveness is an acceptance of
what happened and asking yourself; "What can I do
now?"</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #999999;">Think about the person you would like to rekindle a
relationship with: What do you miss about them? Maybe laughing with
them or sharing family traditions. You don’t have to wait for the other
person to act. Why not you take the first step?
Even if you were not the person who initially did the wrongdoing, you
probably had some role in this. Could you be the first to apologize? Can
you do it sincerely? </span></div>
Jack Dikian onlinehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04457981192945424948noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5295533094666479050.post-43012373947633363362016-04-21T16:09:00.002-07:002016-04-21T16:10:27.201-07:00First night's sleep<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #999999;">I would be the last person to link one-night stands with new
research (Brown University) indicating that only half of our brain getting a
good night's rest. More seriously, it turns out that our left brain seems to be
more awake than the right side when we sleep in unfamiliar surroundings. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #999999;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9BsIPGyzhi5y0AWiBAT96XJ9pc7LXMKyX4E-aFw-nHPjqfmocxqlFQxOCj11bqJyARuifrzKxCx77jMjSBXIuHB-mIVV6uFvASEbi6fMwN2-Odxide2cZavXMgA9UoY6kTX2N9fX_XCLJ/s1600/cat.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9BsIPGyzhi5y0AWiBAT96XJ9pc7LXMKyX4E-aFw-nHPjqfmocxqlFQxOCj11bqJyARuifrzKxCx77jMjSBXIuHB-mIVV6uFvASEbi6fMwN2-Odxide2cZavXMgA9UoY6kTX2N9fX_XCLJ/s1600/cat.jpg" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #999999;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #999999;">The finding, reported Thursday in the journal Current
Biology, helps explain why people tend to feel tired after sleeping in a new
place. And it suggests people have something in common with birds and sea
mammals, which frequently put half their brain to sleep while the other half
remains on guard.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #999999;">Sleep researchers discovered the "first-night
effect" decades ago, when they began studying people in sleep labs. The
first night in a lab, a person's sleep is usually so bad that researchers
simply toss out any data they collect.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #999999;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #999999;">The team measured something called slow-wave activity, which
appears during deep sleep. And they found that during a student's first night
in the lab, slow wave activity was greater in certain areas of the right
hemisphere than in the corresponding areas of the left hemisphere. After the
first night, though, the difference went away.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #999999;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #999999;">It’s possible that this is a survival trait - when we're
sleeping in a new environment and we don't know how many predators are around.
It would make sense to keep half the brain more alert and more responsive to
bumps in the night.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #999999;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="color: #999999;">The research is indicating that this brain response is
involuntary and there's nothing people can do to prevent it.</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p></div>
Jack Dikian onlinehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04457981192945424948noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5295533094666479050.post-54725743122879335832016-04-17T18:00:00.000-07:002016-04-17T18:01:11.646-07:00Moving toward suicide test<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #999999;">According
to a small study by researchers at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore,
Maryland and published in The American Journal of Psychiatry, they have
identified a chemical change in a single gene that is common in people who
attempt or commit suicide. The research has identified a gene mutation that could
lead to a blood test to predict risk.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #999999;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkxriC6Uwr0DWcl6XF38zKw-5Om2aCg2WCnXpOm4UR-Xe8Aucp3HJZXdvFG10xew4QOfACtMPlpUTzOAdlwhcvT5escRJyYgjG4gj4essXsZRR5Ckj1VdJKZRJKUaYiHnLfRfFO3ggBRnj/s1600/sucide.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkxriC6Uwr0DWcl6XF38zKw-5Om2aCg2WCnXpOm4UR-Xe8Aucp3HJZXdvFG10xew4QOfACtMPlpUTzOAdlwhcvT5escRJyYgjG4gj4essXsZRR5Ckj1VdJKZRJKUaYiHnLfRfFO3ggBRnj/s1600/sucide.jpg" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #999999;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="color: #999999;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="color: #999999;">Such a test
is years away from being widely available to the public. For now, researchers
say they have found a chemical change in a single gene, called SKA2, which is
linked to how the brain responds to stress hormones.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="color: #999999;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="color: #999999;">This gene
"plays a significant role in turning what might otherwise be an
unremarkable reaction to the strain of everyday life into suicidal thoughts and
behaviours.” Researchers found it by examining brain samples from people who
had killed themselves, and found that levels of SKA2 were significantly reduced
compared to healthy people. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="color: #999999;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="color: #999999;">They also tested blood samples from 325 people in a
prevention study at JHU and found that changes in the gene could predict with
80 per cent certainty those who were experiencing suicidal thoughts or who had
attempted suicide. Among certain groups, the accuracy of the test was even
higher. "Those with more severe risk of suicide were predicted with 90 per
cent accuracy," said the study. "In the youngest data set, they were
able to identify with 96 per cent accuracy whether or not a participant had
attempted suicide, based on blood test results."<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #999999;">The SKA2
gene works to inhibit negative thoughts and control impulsive actions. When
there isn't enough of it, or it is altered, the brain releases abnormal levels
of the stress hormone, cortisol. Previous studies have shown that people who
try to kill themselves, or who commit suicide, have an abnormal cortisol
release. More research is needed to determine if a blood test could predict
suicide in a larger group of people.</span></div>
Jack Dikian onlinehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04457981192945424948noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5295533094666479050.post-29843571384862123192016-04-07T17:18:00.002-07:002016-04-07T17:18:59.407-07:00Psychological Stress and Social Media Use<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;">
<span style="color: #999999; text-align: justify;">Whilst technology has been, by in large, seen a great enabler of
productivity, efficacy and the backbone of current and future information bearing
societies - technology has also proven to be a significant contributor of
stress and anxiety.</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAsU5D5xmHPDj-NWK5517egs_1V3RfxX8dS-L1srtg-bGso79XcyqUYH49zq3OjyK8RJerDFY9zWypYx-YX9c6NfhQyWjdzubV6HAn_rkHNZXWqDQ6g2opavfx8iPUQRvQXSedVIKSUTAd/s1600/stress.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAsU5D5xmHPDj-NWK5517egs_1V3RfxX8dS-L1srtg-bGso79XcyqUYH49zq3OjyK8RJerDFY9zWypYx-YX9c6NfhQyWjdzubV6HAn_rkHNZXWqDQ6g2opavfx8iPUQRvQXSedVIKSUTAd/s320/stress.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #999999;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;">
<span style="color: #999999;">More information
is flowing into our lives; in many cases a decrement, requiring prompt
attention, interrupting and distracting us from the activity on hand. Our insatiable
need to track what friends and foes are doing and to monitor raises and falls
in status is greater now than ever in the history of man’s existence. There is
more social pressure now to disclose personal information and allow these
technologies to takeover our lives, creating time and social pressures that put
us at risk for the negative physical and psychological health effects that can
result from stress.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #999999;">Stress might come from maintaining a large network of Facebook friends,
feeling jealous of their well-documented and well-appointed lives, the demands
of replying to text messages, the addictive allure of photos of foods on our favourite
social networks of choice.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #999999;">A recent study (Pew Research Center Internet, Science & Tech, Jan
15, 2015) explored the relationship between a variety of digital technology
uses and psychological stress. People were asked to respond to an established
measure of stress - the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). The PSS consists of ten
questions and measures the degree to which individuals feel that their lives
are overloaded, unpredictable and uncontrollable. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #999999;">It turns out that the average American adult scored 10.2 out of 30 on
the PSS. One of the starkest contrasts in the survey was between the level of
reported stress experienced by men and women. On average, women report
experiencing significantly higher levels of stress than men. Men reported
stress levels that were 7% lower than for women. There are other demographic
characteristics that are related to stress. On average, older adults, and those
who are employed tend to have less stress.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #999999;">In the survey, respondents were asked about their use of social
networking sites. People were asked about the frequency with which they use
different social media platforms, such as Facebook (used by 71% of internet
users in this sample), Twitter (used by 18% of internet users), Instagram (17%)
and LinkedIn (22%).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #999999;">Given the popularity of Facebook, people were also asked very specific
questions about users’ networks and what people do on that platform: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #999999;">Number of friends (the average was 329), <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #999999;">Frequency of status updates (the average was 8
times per month)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #999999;">Frequency of “Liking” other people’s content (the average
was 34 times per month)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #999999;">Frequency of commenting (the average was 22 times
per month)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #999999;">How often they send private messages (the average
was 15 times per month)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #999999;">Interestingly the frequency of internet and social media use has no
direct relationship to stress in men. For women, the use of some technologies
is tied to lower stress. For men, there is no relationship between
psychological stress and frequent use of social media, mobile phones, or the
internet more broadly. Men who use these technologies report similar levels of
stress when compared with non-users.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #999999;">For women, there is evidence that technology use is tied to modestly
lower levels of stress. Specifically, the more pictures women share through
their mobile phones, the more emails they send and receive, and the more
frequently they use Twitter, the lower their reported stress. However, with the
exception of Twitter, for the average person, the relationship between stress
and these technologies is relatively small. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;">
<span style="color: #999999;">From this
survey the researchers were not able to definitively determine why frequent
uses of some technologies are related to lower levels of reported stress for
women. Other studies have found that social sharing of both positive and
negative events can be associated with emotional well-being and that women tend
to share their emotional experiences with a wider range of people than do men.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
Jack Dikian onlinehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04457981192945424948noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5295533094666479050.post-57298370727010237252016-03-30T20:23:00.001-07:002016-03-30T20:23:59.522-07:00Electronic health records, pyjama time and date night<br /><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #999999; text-align: justify;">According to a recent Clinical
Psychiatry News article it seems physicians are beginning to call Electronic
health record (HER) "Pajama time.” That’s the few hours physicians are
spending every night finishing up their documentation, clearing out their
in-box,”</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEin3gsJU5a8ye8nvjC3tF5krzYFVKAFvo3m8sp1JwH4HYXxF27mGoOhrvwMeSIiCKaJWb4UoJ97bYTlD32GcUxWzJl8tfI2HNRPrd938zIIwyVezv2sfswcZob-rshRv9hlpccdMIC9Mb8-/s1600/paperwork.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEin3gsJU5a8ye8nvjC3tF5krzYFVKAFvo3m8sp1JwH4HYXxF27mGoOhrvwMeSIiCKaJWb4UoJ97bYTlD32GcUxWzJl8tfI2HNRPrd938zIIwyVezv2sfswcZob-rshRv9hlpccdMIC9Mb8-/s320/paperwork.jpg" width="274" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #999999; text-align: justify;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #999999; text-align: justify;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #999999;">University of Wisconsin
researchers studying the impact of EHR systems on physicians’ workflow and
lives looked at how often and when doctors were accessing their patients’
medical records. They found what many might think is obvious - doctors don’t
have enough time in their days to finish their documentation, so they spend
their evenings and weekends finishing up.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #999999;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #999999;">There is even a thing called “date
night” which correlates with data showing this type of work being undertaken on
Saturday nights. The same study “found that primary care physicians were
spending 38 hours a month after hours doing data entry work. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #999999;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #999999;">At a session held in conjunction
with the annual meeting of the Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society,
Dr. Sinsky spoke about how electronic health records have not lived up to their
promise of helping streamline patient care and instead have added hours and
headaches to most physicians’ days. Here are a few of the reasons for this
additional work.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #999999;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #999999;">1. It takes 33 clicks to order
and record a flu shot. And in the emergency room, it takes 4,000 clicks to get
through the day for a 10-hour shift.” Studies have shown that physicians are
spending 44% of their day doing data entry work, [but] 28% of the day with
their patient.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #999999;">2. Today’s EHRs have a workflow
that doesn’t match how clinicians work.
Many clinicians are encountering these very rigid workflows that don’t
meet the patient’s need and don’t meet the provider’s need.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #999999;">3. Most EHRs lack a place for a
photo of the patient and his or her family, and a place for the patient’s
story, a deficiency that detracts from the value of the encounter.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #999999;">4. Often, both a physician and a
nurse or medical assistant need to add documentation to the EHR. Yet many
systems are set up such that each party must log in, then log out, before
another can contribute. </span><o:p></o:p></div>
Jack Dikian onlinehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04457981192945424948noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5295533094666479050.post-42262237315403676712016-03-05T22:57:00.001-08:002016-03-05T22:57:45.039-08:00496<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="color: #999999;">We’re
are all influenced by numbers psychology. The most basic is the notion of size.
</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="color: #999999;">Our tendency to infer larger sizes or more of something from larger
numbers. To downplay a 30-day service penalty, therefore, simply referring to
it as a one-month suspension might help. Conversely, bigger numbers are used to
convey increases in nutritional benefits (1,000 milligrams of fiber, not one
gram) or mobile phone talk time (660 minutes, not 11 hours) to make us feel as
though we are getting better deals.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRh7a_l6E3jK70yfyQ8HjeocbK-Mr0MsaM_A-wbNA_kuoVySPkwpUAYVcMpln5ZNgs_Vsn4-dra_ehR0LgGOpimt9itZVQSBSeHlCUvEY08_9EKTOvXgcmuL08i6qU20SEXEQoSNvMiquN/s1600/Jack+Dikian.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="199" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRh7a_l6E3jK70yfyQ8HjeocbK-Mr0MsaM_A-wbNA_kuoVySPkwpUAYVcMpln5ZNgs_Vsn4-dra_ehR0LgGOpimt9itZVQSBSeHlCUvEY08_9EKTOvXgcmuL08i6qU20SEXEQoSNvMiquN/s320/Jack+Dikian.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #999999;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">But numbers are much more
than </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt;">that. There are a lot of important numbers
out there. Some, like 42 had become popular
among fans of the comic science fiction genre. You might recall in the radio series and the Adams’
first novel, a group of hyper-intelligent pan-dimensional beings demand to
learn the <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Answer to the Ultimate
Question of Life, The Universe, and Everything</span> from the supercomputer, Deep
Thought, specially built for this purpose. It takes Deep Thought 7½ million
years to compute and check the answer, which turns out to be <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">42.</span> Deep Thought points out that the
answer seems meaningless because the beings who instructed it never actually
knew what the Question was. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="color: #999999;">Later Adams was asked why
he chose the number 42. Many theories were proposed, including that 42 is
101010 in binary code, that light refracts through a water surface by 42
degrees to create a rainbow, that light requires 10<sup>−42</sup> seconds to
cross the diameter of a proton. Adams rejected them all. In November 1993, he said
“It was a joke. It had to be a number, an ordinary, smallish number, and I
chose that one. Binary representations, base thirteen, Tibetan monks are all
complete nonsense. I sat at my desk, stared into the garden and thought 42 will
do; I typed it out. End of story.”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #999999;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">So I was saying there are
many number of significance. Sure your girlfriend’s number is probably most
important, but there are numbers and then there are numbers. Some numbers
define our very existence. Some of these may well define the very workings of
the universe. Consider for example </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Avogadro's number. This is the number of atoms
in 12 grams of carbon, and is approximately six followed by 23 zeroes.</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">The <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">number</span> of
atoms can also be calculated using <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Avogadro's</span>
Constant (6.02214179×10<sup>23</sup>) / one mole of substance. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #999999;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Then there is </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Planck's constant. The universe
packages energy in finite multiples of a smallest amount, much as the atomic
theory proclaims that the universe packages matter in finite multiples of
atoms. These small packages of energy are known as quanta, and Planck's
constant, abbreviated <i>h</i>, tells us the size of these packages.</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;"> The fundamental
constant, equal to the energy of a quantum of electromagnetic radiation divided
by its frequency, with a value of 6.626 × 10<sup>−34</sup> joules.</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: #999999;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">When we turn our attention to the history of
the universe; There are really only two possibilities for the universe: Either
it has always been here, or it had a beginning. It turns out that the universe
is expanding; everything is flying apart. The relationship between the speed at
which a galaxy appears to be moving away and its distance from earth is given
by Hubble's constant. <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">The constant H is
one of the important because it may be used to estimate the size and age of the
Universe. The Hubble constant is given by </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">H = v/d.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: #999999;">Other important numbers include Boltzmann's constant, Schwarzschild radius, Chandrasekhar
limit, Omega, Absolute zero, the speed of light.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="color: #999999;">The granddaddy of numbers, in my opinion is 496.
This is most notable for being a perfect number, and one of the earliest
numbers to be recognized as such. As a perfect number, it is tied to the Mersenne
prime 31 2<sup>5</sup> − 1, with 2<sup>4</sup> (2<sup>5</sup> − 1)
yielding 496. Also related to its being a perfect number, 496 is a harmonic
divisor number, since the number of proper divisors of 496 divided by the sum
of the reciprocals of its divisors, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 31, 62, 124, 248 and 496,
(the harmonic mean), yields an integer, 5 in this case. In 1984, Green and Schwarz
realized that one of the necessary conditions for a superstring theory to make
sense is that the dimension of the gauge group of type I string theory must be
496. Their discovery started the first superstring revolution. </span><sub style="color: black;"><o:p></o:p></sub></span></div>
Jack Dikian onlinehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04457981192945424948noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5295533094666479050.post-31042111254203152942016-03-03T19:05:00.000-08:002016-03-03T19:05:50.549-08:00Truth is stranger than fiction<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #999999;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“Truth is stranger than fiction, but it is because Fiction is obliged to
stick to possibilities; Truth isn't.” </span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_mjHYhie4LSRqICgdePHy-H2PA0Ivw2o_nySAvMaxawgESSaaXQolpd7g9LkhkUErb8ENeCia_-k-uQQWKY9HMX6IVAlThRST0H9brpbWVERwkk-b4rxykmGiSk8Fs77fiujeH4XHsHkE/s1600/Real+Life.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="281" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_mjHYhie4LSRqICgdePHy-H2PA0Ivw2o_nySAvMaxawgESSaaXQolpd7g9LkhkUErb8ENeCia_-k-uQQWKY9HMX6IVAlThRST0H9brpbWVERwkk-b4rxykmGiSk8Fs77fiujeH4XHsHkE/s320/Real+Life.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #999999;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #999999;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #999999;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Certainly a place I didn't expect to be for some 6 months. Photo taken in the mid 1990’s down at the
Renison Gold fields mine; an underground mine located on the West Coast of Tasmania,
Australia. </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Working on a system of bulk sampling for amenability to test commercial viability.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /></span></div>
Jack Dikian onlinehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04457981192945424948noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5295533094666479050.post-91648704697026821302016-03-03T16:29:00.002-08:002016-03-03T16:29:36.366-08:00Our social brain<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="color: #666666;">Humans are highly social
beings. We like to be surrounded by friends and share our personal experiences
with others. The recent appearance of various social networking tools, and
their adoption at a virtually explosive rate, nicely illustrate the strong and
fundamental human desire for social belonging and interpersonal exchange. I’ve
been writing about the social brain for years – as well, our fascination with
the celebrity subculture.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="color: #666666;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEib_4CjIDNr_KUlJsqLcAz0Dw0uzXdwXLe52YSY_8B609ED6nCb4fC7gZuby-xDEmxSMZ8W1orJJmpQu3o1Cb1pLZ5OlFK6odIn-hv3MfUo5-qTok5d__Az7RH4SnLyqzkZ06ooj1ZzcZKn/s1600/Jack+Dikian.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="color: #666666;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEib_4CjIDNr_KUlJsqLcAz0Dw0uzXdwXLe52YSY_8B609ED6nCb4fC7gZuby-xDEmxSMZ8W1orJJmpQu3o1Cb1pLZ5OlFK6odIn-hv3MfUo5-qTok5d__Az7RH4SnLyqzkZ06ooj1ZzcZKn/s200/Jack+Dikian.jpg" width="200" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="color: #666666;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">In most cases, this is perfectly
natural. The social creatures in us live in an environment where it paid to pay
attention to the people at the top. Celebrity fascination may be an outgrowth
of this tendency, nourished by the media and technology. So a chance meeting
with Peter Fitzsimons recently redirected my thoughts – asking myself what I’ve
really learned about the Human psyche and what is arguably the most complex of
systems – our </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">cerebrum</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">.</span></span></div>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">We know that evolutionary processes have
favored the development of complex social </span><span style="font-size: 15px;">behaviours</span></span><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="color: #666666;"> in humans, along with the
brain architecture that supports them. The Human brain is of course as compared
to other primates and mammals of similar size. This is particularly interesting
because the neocortex comprises many of the brain areas involved in higher
social cognition, such as conscious thought, language, behavioral and emotion
regulation, as well as empathy and theory of mind - our ability to understand
the feelings and intentions of others. We are, so to speak, biologically hardwired
for interacting with others, and are thus said to be endowed with a social
brain.</span><span style="color: #343434;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
Jack Dikian onlinehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04457981192945424948noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5295533094666479050.post-19706446087859927372016-03-01T19:08:00.001-08:002016-03-01T19:12:47.799-08:00Solving puzzles just for fun - Einstein's Riddle<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";"><span style="color: #999999;">There
is no doubt that solving puzzles is fun. We enjoy solving puzzles; we have,
after-all, an innate ability for pattern-finding, for trying to find meaning in
things, for problem solving and trying to find innovative solutions. Our brain
releases Oxytocin when we achieve something or receive praise. There is a sense
of satisfaction and the release of the hormone makes us feel good.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";"><span style="color: #999999;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhb3JGhRzAM4aMoStruHvLM44jQfig2P2wwH8xUsiqENccYh3pG3C05UycYZb8mQm2V0j6vxvmE7dhSxr_h89ux46FKm0RkhirdDdkEtS0hUkaspTx-hHLqsdoRc2nQyuDqoOxycWkuSg1E/s1600/hqdefault.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhb3JGhRzAM4aMoStruHvLM44jQfig2P2wwH8xUsiqENccYh3pG3C05UycYZb8mQm2V0j6vxvmE7dhSxr_h89ux46FKm0RkhirdDdkEtS0hUkaspTx-hHLqsdoRc2nQyuDqoOxycWkuSg1E/s320/hqdefault.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";"><span style="color: #999999;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";"><span style="color: #999999;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";"><span style="color: #999999;">We’ve
also been taught that doing puzzles attenuate the negative effects of age on
memory and perceptual speed tasks. Interestingly there is also some research
suggesting mind puzzles may not be as beneficial as we assume. For example, a study
examining crosswords and aging published in the Journal of Experimental
Psychology (Volume 128 [2]. 1999, pp. 131-164) found no evidence to suggest
that crossword puzzle experience reduces age-related decline in cognition</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";"><span style="color: #999999;">. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #999999;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">This
said, and just for fun – here is an interesting puzzle to mull over. Over the
years it’s had a number of different names including the zebra puzzle, and</span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Einstein's Puzzle or Einstein's
Riddle because it is said to have been invented by Albert Einstein as a boy. Many
versions of the puzzle exist, including a version published in Life
International magazine on December 17, 1962. It’s also suggested that only 2%
of the population can solve it. Do you want to try…<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";"><span style="color: #999999;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";"><span style="color: #999999;">Below,
a list of fifteen clues is given that tell you about five houses, their
inhabitants (each a different nationality), the colour their houses are
painted, the beverages their inhabitants drink and also which cigarettes they
smoke. From these clues you must deduce the following: <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";"><span style="color: #999999;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";"><span style="color: #999999;">Who
drinks water and where is the missing zebra? I’ve provided the solution at the
end of this article.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";"><span style="color: #999999;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";"><span style="color: #999999;">The following
version of the puzzle appeared in Life International in 1962:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";"><span style="color: #999999;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #999999;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">1.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">There
are five houses.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #999999;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">2.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">The
Englishman lives in the red house.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #999999;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">3.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">The
Spaniard owns the dog.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #999999;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">4.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Coffee
is drunk in the green house.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #999999;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">5.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">The
Ukrainian drinks tea.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #999999;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">6.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">The
green house is immediately to the right of the ivory house.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #999999;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">7.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">The
Old Gold smoker owns snails.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #999999;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">8.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Kools
are smoked in the yellow house.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #999999;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">9.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Milk
is drunk in the middle house.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #999999;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">10.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">The
Norwegian lives in the first house.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #999999;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">11.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">The
man who smokes Chesterfields lives in the house next to the man with the fox.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #999999;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">12.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Kools
are smoked in the house next to the house where the horse is kept.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #999999;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">13.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">The
Lucky Strike smoker drinks orange juice.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #999999;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">14.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">The
Japanese smokes Parliaments.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #999999;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">15.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">The
Norwegian lives next to the blue house.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #999999;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">16.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Now,
who drinks water? Who owns the zebra?<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";"><span style="color: #999999;">In
the interest of clarity, it must be added that each of the five houses is
painted a different colour, and their inhabitants are of different national
extractions, own different pets, drink different beverages and smoke different
brands of American cigarettes. One other thing: in statement 6, right means
your right.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";"><span style="color: #999999;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span style="color: #999999; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; text-align: justify;">Assuming
that one person drinks water and one owns a zebra, then it is possible not only
to deduce the answers to the two questions, but to figure out a complete
solution of who lives where, in what color house, keeping what pet, drinking
what drink, and smoking what brand of cigarettes. By considering the clues a
few at a time, it is possible to slowly build inferences that incrementally
complete the puzzle's unique correct solution. For example, by clue 10, the
Norwegian lives in house #1, and by clue 15, house #2 must be blue. The
Norwegian's house therefore cannot be blue, nor can it be red, where the
Englishman lives (clue 2), or green or ivory, which are next to each other
(clue 6). It must therefore be yellow, which means the Norwegian also smokes
Kools (clue 8).</span><br />
<span style="color: #999999; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #999999; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; text-align: justify;">Solution</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicSqra2nMV5Lros6w1REoXb4-XpS_inidmClLjBNM70j8xXdaaQ4TZ6WmFHP6Sgo2hZuZnyBuZ-ckLocNjBKa94_yE2PCJkOskHayteKWkMiTFyYT-S91x2Xgwax5bzzmOvpslGs1YIHw8/s1600/puzz.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicSqra2nMV5Lros6w1REoXb4-XpS_inidmClLjBNM70j8xXdaaQ4TZ6WmFHP6Sgo2hZuZnyBuZ-ckLocNjBKa94_yE2PCJkOskHayteKWkMiTFyYT-S91x2Xgwax5bzzmOvpslGs1YIHw8/s400/puzz.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";"><br /></span></div>
Jack Dikian onlinehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04457981192945424948noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5295533094666479050.post-3269199919239483392016-02-29T23:11:00.001-08:002016-02-29T23:13:24.392-08:00On ovens having free will<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #999999;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt;">We all basically know what is meant by free
will. Don’t we? We know for example that we get to decide what’s for lunch. We
have</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt;"> the ability to choose between
different possible courses of action. More formally, we conceive free will to
be the capacity for an agent to make choices in which the outcome has not been
determined by past events. On the other hand, many folk; those who take a philosophical
position that for every event, including the things we humans do, there exist
conditions that could cause no other event. </span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12.0pt;">That the notion of choice is merely
an illusion.</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: #999999;">Nothing new - this problem has been in circulation in ancient
Greek philosophy and remains a major focus of philosophical debate today.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPY8VssQcEBruQ_f60hnFT7nASZrKo_pA6yaimyQAMNGTFlD9XZwsWUaF9wrjrCwhdD_D9v6ailbBpYdqyyTwIGAFPunZ76R86fZPuUf1WjyOLQwy_p3qHiPmaHRt08G5CYw9yqkHLPt0a/s1600/Jack+Dikian.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="89" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPY8VssQcEBruQ_f60hnFT7nASZrKo_pA6yaimyQAMNGTFlD9XZwsWUaF9wrjrCwhdD_D9v6ailbBpYdqyyTwIGAFPunZ76R86fZPuUf1WjyOLQwy_p3qHiPmaHRt08G5CYw9yqkHLPt0a/s320/Jack+Dikian.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: #999999;">But here’s a little
twist. Is it just us living things that get to exercise free will? Can for
example a microwave oven possess free will? <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: #999999;">To go there, let me
first talk about Alan Turing’s halting problem. Not withstanding the technical
logic/mathematical framework – this work is historically important because it
was one of the first problems to be proved undecidable. In computability theory
for instance, the <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">halting problem</span>
is the problem of determining, from a description of an arbitrary computer
program and an input, whether the program will finish running or continue to
run forever. Turing proved in 1936 that a general algorithm to solve the
halting problem for <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">all</span>
possible program-input pairs cannot exist.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: #999999;">A new Turing Test for
free will can determine whether somebody, or something, thinks it has free
will. And whilst your Microwave oven might fail this test, more complex systems
– your phone for instance may well pass. Research suggests that that there are
clear mechanisms in computation that make the outcome of a given calculation
unpredictable, especially to the person or object making it. The key
contribution of this latest work is a mathematical proof of this idea.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: #999999;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #999999;">For many thinkers,
the fundamental issue of free will is whether the deterministic laws of the
universe can produce an intrinsically unpredictable outcome. If our thought
processes are governed by these deterministic laws, then surely a given outcome
is determined long before we begin to think about it.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #999999;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #999999;">The idea of Turing
is used to prove that deciders; people or machines that make decisions cannot
in general predict the results of their decision-making process in advance. In
other words, the outcome of a decision is unpredictable by its very nature. The
proof is an extension of Turing’s halting problem in computer science. This
states that there is no general way of knowing how an algorithm will finish,
other than to run it. What’s more, any attempt to determine the decider’s
decision independently must take longer than the decider itself.<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #999999;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #999999; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt;">This means that
when we have to make a decision, there is no way of knowing in advance how it
will end up. The familiar experience of a decider does not know the final
decision until we have thought it through. This is a necessary feature of the
decision-making process. But, what of our ipods? As gadgets become more complex,
they become unpredictable, even imperious, in ways that are all too human. It
seems that complex gadgets possess all the criteria required for free will, and
behave as if they it.</span></div>
Jack Dikian onlinehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04457981192945424948noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5295533094666479050.post-88888376940244288192015-12-11T01:43:00.000-08:002015-12-11T01:43:21.380-08:00To Infinity and beyond<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="color: #999999;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="color: #999999;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial;"><o:p> </o:p></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">I’ve had this statement on my mind for
what seems an eternity – you know, like when we can't get a song out of our
head. And sure it’s a classic Buzz line courtesy of toy story and itself a variation
of "Beyond the infinite" as it appears as a title card in Kubrick's </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">2001: A Space Odyssey. It’s quite possible
that </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Buzz is showing everyone that he can do the impossible and cross
any asymptote, something that a curve approaches, as it heads towards infinity.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="color: #999999;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYYUWTZdpuFSbEEHIx1yxc8CdAiU4MRurPVy2CAQe7IPVSl6qkvr2jDluVGwrYlOxdtEeezB-V75vWqahI7AwBCPfW7Piabh-_O79rGz0lCtpuAUfJcPlJm3Mek9QlNmoPteu89tnJT8pV/s1600/Dikian+Godel.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: #999999;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYYUWTZdpuFSbEEHIx1yxc8CdAiU4MRurPVy2CAQe7IPVSl6qkvr2jDluVGwrYlOxdtEeezB-V75vWqahI7AwBCPfW7Piabh-_O79rGz0lCtpuAUfJcPlJm3Mek9QlNmoPteu89tnJT8pV/s320/Dikian+Godel.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="color: #999999;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="color: #999999;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial;">And, it’s that
time of the year when one can get back into the business of writing, doing physics
and thinking beyond the curbs and bliss of the daily grind. This means hard
thinking; my hobby-horse, the nature of time. That illusion or a trick of mind
that presents us with a persuasive, ever meandering, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial;">passage of time. Here I’m talking in
the tradition of Plato, we find time, mathematics and all else on a higher
plane that our mind sees into, by a process not unlike sense perception. And I
suppose, the inter-play between time and space, the time-space manifold, Riemannian
geometry is/was there for Einstein to see.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="color: #999999;">One of Gödel’s less
well-known papers is a 1949 article called, “A Remark on the Relationship
Between Relativity Theory and Idealistic Philosophy.” In this paper, Gödel
attempts to show that the passage of time is indeed an illusion. The past,
present and future of the universe are just different regions of a single vast
space-time. Time is part of space-time, but space-time is a higher reality
existing outside of time.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="color: #999999;">For many, including Gödel,
mathematics, even the mathematics of the infinite, was an essentially empirical
science. But when we begin to talk about infinite numbers that the trouble
really begins. Cantor’s Continuum Problem is undecidable on the basis of our
present-day theories of mathematics. For a Platonist like Gödel, this means
only that we have not yet “looked” at the continuum in a hard enough way. </span><span style="color: #262626;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
Jack Dikian onlinehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04457981192945424948noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5295533094666479050.post-54984497111750009942015-11-15T14:52:00.002-08:002015-11-15T20:33:44.218-08:00Mirror Mirror<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #999999; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">There has been a significant amount of research
done on the effect that advertising in the fashion and beauty industry has on
women. By creating advertisements with unrealistic images of beauty, it has
resulted in anxiety, low self-esteem, and low self-confidence in many
women. Most of these negative emotions
stems from unhappiness among body and appearance. Less research, however, has
been performed relating to cosmetics and how this can have an influence on
women, and how women can use cosmetics to manipulate their appearance.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #999999; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWQHOY3bliFkhoEuVpL9xbqBA-1MSCKtQv4MWsSE5gYQH7-WacIfZEVTwchCPRVdFxI9RvGk3pz65Ixy3CAbARCITNB2srBMxLOWHRSHoYN3rInUp-t1TMUsgye5SQOT-LO1cz4dWAqhG4/s1600/jack+miss+aust.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWQHOY3bliFkhoEuVpL9xbqBA-1MSCKtQv4MWsSE5gYQH7-WacIfZEVTwchCPRVdFxI9RvGk3pz65Ixy3CAbARCITNB2srBMxLOWHRSHoYN3rInUp-t1TMUsgye5SQOT-LO1cz4dWAqhG4/s320/jack+miss+aust.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #999999; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="color: #999999; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">The Miss Universe website says delegates who become
a part of the organisation, started in the US, compete with the hope of
advancing their careers, personal and humanitarian goals, and of improving the
lives of others. There may be some truth in this. According to Daniel Hamermesh
author of Beauty Pays, an economist has found that beauty is absolutely
connected with success, at least financial success.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #999999; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Miss Universe Australia 2011 winner Sherri-Lee
Biggs says for her the pageant is a stepping stone into a career in modelling
and television. "You meet all the right people; you're out there and you
kind of become a personality…”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #999999; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">But, low self esteem is more common amongst the
beautiful people than you would expect. Some just don’t believe they are
attractive. Others have a distorted self image and don’t believe others who
tell them how stunning they are. Thus, generally speaking, in their mind
everyone is a “liar” and not to be trusted. What’s worse, some are dependent on
the first impression reaction of others to define who they are, ie someone who
has it all because their beautiful. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Jack Dikian onlinehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04457981192945424948noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5295533094666479050.post-29253181002094552732015-10-25T21:13:00.001-07:002015-10-25T21:18:40.450-07:00Top 7 stressful events<h1 class="article-title" itemprop="headline" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 28px; font-weight: 400; line-height: 36px; margin: 0px 0px 8px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
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<span style="color: #999999; font-size: large; font-weight: normal;">In 1967, psychiatrists Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe examined the medical records of over 5,000 medical patients as a way to determine whether stressful events might cause illnesses. The top 7 stressful events list back then were Death of a spouse, divorce, marital separation, imprisonment, death of a close family member, personal injury or illness and marriage (yes marriage.)</span></div>
</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7tZ1GMDSZwTjGbtNsG-cOqb1QLBSdHpS9ncjWKG5fhiepSJo9h-hfJ7lZsYC1BoQN1jPdQ7I4b9G7r0MinMRaoAy-rZ_T0d3T6WKGf1PbRqn9GrFi1cX63eiazfoDjTun7gdJPMqwNvuh/s1600/stress.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7tZ1GMDSZwTjGbtNsG-cOqb1QLBSdHpS9ncjWKG5fhiepSJo9h-hfJ7lZsYC1BoQN1jPdQ7I4b9G7r0MinMRaoAy-rZ_T0d3T6WKGf1PbRqn9GrFi1cX63eiazfoDjTun7gdJPMqwNvuh/s1600/stress.jpg" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #999999; font-size: large; font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;">More recent research based on a large cohort of people during 20-year period suggest an even more insidious and chronic stressors that take an even heavier toll.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #999999; font-size: large; font-weight: normal;">1. The inner critic</span></div>
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<span style="color: #999999; font-size: large; font-weight: normal;">Freud called it the superego. It is commonly known as the inner critic. Most people experience it as an internal voice that monitors and berates and criticizes on autopilot. Most people respond negatively to the inner critic without realizing what they are responding to, which makes the inner critic a formidable force.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #999999; font-size: large; font-weight: normal;">2. Negative relationships</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #999999; font-size: large; font-weight: normal;">Clinging to stressful, negative relationships is a revolving door for stress and depression. In this case, you have shackled yourself to negativity and empowered another person to pile on. Common scenarios involve maintaining relationships with people who criticize you, reject you, dismiss you, Refuse to meet your needs, etc</span></div>
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<span style="color: #999999; font-size: large; font-weight: normal;">3. Self-sabotage</span></div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #999999; font-size: large; font-weight: normal;">Self-sabotage happens when you do the opposite of what would make you happy and successful. It's called getting in your own way. Examples of self-sabotage include: you know you should not eat that doughnut, but eat three or four.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #999999; font-size: large; font-weight: normal;">4. Internal conflict</span></div>
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<span style="color: #999999; font-size: large; font-weight: normal;">Internal conflict is at the heart of indecisiveness. On the one hand you want this. On the other hand, you want that. You can spin your mind on inner conflict for weeks and months and not come to any conclusions or take action.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #999999; font-size: large; font-weight: normal;">5. Inner passivity</span></div>
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<span style="color: #999999; font-size: large; font-weight: normal;">Inner passivity occurs when you experience self-generated problems as if they were being done to you, rather than as something you are doing to yourself and therefore can stop doing. Nothing causes a greater sense of personal helplessness.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #999999; font-size: large; font-weight: normal;">6. Mental activity on autopilot</span></div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #999999; font-size: large; font-weight: normal;">Medical research suggests that autopilot thinking - the constant churning of the mind that occurs when you are not consciously engaged in a task.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #999999;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">7. <span style="font-weight: normal;">Physical or nutritional imbalance</span></span><span style="font-size: large; font-weight: normal;"> </span><span style="font-size: large; font-weight: normal;">– eating well, etc.</span></span></div>
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Jack Dikian onlinehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04457981192945424948noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5295533094666479050.post-42948264003549112632015-10-21T19:10:00.001-07:002015-10-21T19:10:37.757-07:00Faulty thinking<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 32px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #999999;">Our thoughts are constantly helping us to interpret the world around us, describing what’s happening, and trying to make sense of it by helping us interpret events, sights, sounds, smells, feelings. Because of our experiences, life story, culture, religious beliefs and family values, we often make very different interpretations of situations than others.</span></div>
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<img alt="On Faulty thinking" src="http://m.c.lnkd.licdn.com/mpr/mpr/jc/AAEAAQAAAAAAAAV_AAAAJDUyMjZiY2ZkLThiZmYtNGIzNC05YmNmLThmZjhjNWU5NjRhMQ.jpg" /></div>
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<span style="color: #999999;">Cognitive therapy was developed with the belief that a person's experiences result in thoughts. These are connected with schemas or core beliefs developed from early life to create our view of the world and determine our emotional states and behaviours. Disorders are sometimes maintained by negative attitudes and distorted thinking. We must of all, at one point or another held views, or patterns of thoughts that might be seen as thinking errors, fantasies, fallacies and faulty thinking. And faulty ways of thinking are often more likely to occur when we are stressed.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #999999;">Cognitive therapy focuses on altering faulty thinking patterns. The father of Cognitive therapy, Aaron Beck proposed six types of faulty thinking</span></div>
<ol style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 15px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 35px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #999999;">Drawing conclusions about oneself or the world without sufficient and relevant information. For example a man not hired by a potential employer perceives himself as totally worthless and believes he probably will never find employment of any sort.</span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #999999;">Drawing conclusion from very isolated details and events without considering the larger context or picture. For example a student who receives a C on an exam becomes depressed and stops attending classes even though he has A's and B's in his other courses. The student measures his worth by failures, errors, and weaknesses rather than by successes or strengths.</span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #999999;">Holding extreme beliefs on the basis of a single incident and applying it to a different or dissimilar and inappropriate situation. For example a depressed woman who has relationship problems with her boss may believe she is a failure in all other types of relationships.</span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #999999;">The process of overestimating the significance of negative events. For example a runner experiences shortness of breath and interprets it as a major health problem, possibly even an indication of imminent death.</span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #999999;">Relating external events to one another when no objective basis for such a connection is apparent. For example a student who raises his hand in class and is not called on by the teacher believes that the instructor dislikes or is biased against him.</span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #999999;">An "all-or-nothing," "good or bad," and "either-or" approach to viewing the world. For example at one extreme, a woman who perceives herself as "perfect" and immune from making mistakes; at the other extreme, a woman who believes she is totally incompetent.</span></li>
</ol>
Jack Dikian onlinehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04457981192945424948noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5295533094666479050.post-81231464849376580152015-09-30T00:01:00.002-07:002015-09-30T00:02:51.519-07:00 Depression Medication Choice Decision Aid Tool<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px;">
<span style="color: #cccccc;">The latest health 'snapshot' of the 33 OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) nations has revealed that Australia is now the second-highest prescriber of anti-depressant medications. However, not all antidepressant scripts are filled, and when they are, some patients choose not to use them for a number of reasons.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #cccccc;">A new tool, the Depression Medication Choice decision aid, helped adults with moderate to severe depression and their primary care physicians choose appropriate medications together, according to a report published online Sept. 28 in JAMA Internal Medicine. Researchers developed the Depression Medication Choice (DMC) tool to enhance patient involvement in the decision-making process, in the hope that taking their preferences and circumstances into account would improve adherence and stave off premature discontinuation of antidepressants. The investigators then performed a cluster-randomized trial to assess the usefulness of the decision aid in real-world practice.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #cccccc;">The study involved 297 adults treated during a 2-year period by 117 clinicians in 10 rural, urban, and suburban private practices across Minnesota and Wisconsin. These demographically diverse patients had moderate to severe depression as measured by scores of 10 or higher on the Patent Health Questionnaire–9 and were considering antidepressant therapy. They were randomly assigned to clinicians who chose antidepressant therapy in the usual manner (139 patients in the control group) or to clinicians who used the DMC to choose antidepressant therapy together (158 patients in the intervention group).</span><br />
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<span style="color: #cccccc;">The DMC tool comprised several laminated 10-by-25-cm cards that presented general information about antidepressant efficacy and adverse effects “in terms that matter to patients: weight change, sleep, libido, discontinuation, and cost,” as well as a leaflet for patients to take home. </span></div>
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<span style="color: #cccccc;">Participating clinicians received training in using these cards to prompt discussion during a regular office consultation. Use of the decision aid did not add to the duration of office visits, which is key to routine implementation, the investigators said.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #cccccc;">At 3- and 6-month follow-up, patients in the intervention group reported significantly greater comfort with the choice of antidepressant, with a mean difference between the two study groups of 5.3 out of a possible 100 points on a “comfort” scale. Patients in the intervention group also were more knowledgeable about antidepressants (OR, 9.5) and satisfied with their health care compared with the control group.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #cccccc;">Clinicians also were more comfortable with treatment decisions, with a mean difference between the two study groups of 11.4 out of 100 possible points. And clinicians who used the DMC tool reported being more satisfied with the decision-making process.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #cccccc;">However, there were no significant differences between patients in the two groups regarding control of depression symptoms, remission rate, or rate of response to treatment, as measured by mean PHQ-9 scores. There also was no significant difference in medication adherence. Since most of the clinicians in this study used the DMC tool with very few patients, “it is possible that our trial underestimates the efficacy of the decision aid when used repeatedly and expertly.</span></div>
Jack Dikian onlinehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04457981192945424948noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5295533094666479050.post-18192921055135309732015-09-29T17:06:00.001-07:002015-09-29T17:06:16.687-07:00Mental health is an increasingly important topic in the workplace<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #999999;">Mental health is an increasingly important topic in the
workplace. According to a report by the National Mental Health Commission and
the Mentally Healthy Workplace Alliance It is estimated that, at any point in
time, one in six working age people will be suffering from mental illness,
which is associated with very high personal and economic costs. </span></div>
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<span style="color: #999999;">Mental illness
is one of the leading causes of sickness absence and long-term work incapacity
in Australia and is one of the main health related reasons for reduced work
performance. Individuals with mental health problems, and their caregivers, are
some of the most stigmatised and marginalised groups in the workplace and often
miss out on the many benefits good work can offer. There is increasing
evidence that workplaces can play an important and active role in maintaining
the mental health and well-being of their workers.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #999999;">Now, The Workplace Bipolar Inventory, a 39-item
questionnaire used to screen for bipolar disorder in the workplace, has showed
promise in a small study at the department of mental health at the University
of Tokyo.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #999999;">The investigator asked workers who were on sick leave
because of mental health problems to complete the Workplace Bipolar Inventory
(WBI), the Mood Disorder Questionnaire, and the Bipolar Spectrum Diagnostic
Scale. A subscale of the WBI called the WBI-AB4 proved to have the screening
performance that was most informative.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #999999;">According to the optimal cut-off point, WBI-AB4 would be
useful for occupational mental health staffs to screen out bipolarity among
workers who have depressive symptoms at the workplace; however, more
information of the suspected subjects about the manic/hypomanic episode from
their supervisor, colleagues, or family was needed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #999999;">This study aimed to develop a new instrument for bipolar
disorder screening, the Workplace Bipolar Inventory (WBI), and examine its
efficiency as compared with Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ) and Bipolar
Spectrum Diagnostic Scale (BSDS) among workers on leave of the absence due to
their mental health problems.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #999999;">Participants were recruited at a psychiatric outpatient
clinic for return-to-work in Tokyo, Japan, during September to November 2009.
81 outpatients were recruited, 55 of whom (68%) agreed to participate in this
study. Participants answered questionnaires including WBI, MDQ, BSDS, and
demographic factors. Their diagnostic information according to the
international statistical classification of diseases and related health
problems 10th revision (ICD-10) was obtained from their attending
psychiatrists. The WBI is a new self-rating 39-item questionnaire which
developed with input from occupational mental health specialists and an
analysis of WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) items. </span><o:p></o:p></div>
Jack Dikian onlinehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04457981192945424948noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5295533094666479050.post-3480511047586027332015-09-26T18:48:00.002-07:002015-09-26T18:48:42.509-07:00Drugs and things<div style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 32px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Recently the American Psychiatric association reported the results of a study indicating that nearly 1 in 10 full-time employees in the United States has a substance use disorder. Further, these pointed to challenges of heavy alcohol and illicit drug use facing the accommodation and food services sector. The construction industry is a close second.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">The prevalence and patterns of substance use are strongly related to a range of factors – including age, sex, cultural background, and social-environmental context – and these patterns vary for different types of drugs. Population trends in substance use are monitored by the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">According to The Australian Psychological Society the use of licit substances is the most prevalent type of substance use, and an accepted part of Australian and most other western societies. The vast majority of Australians use caffeine, through the consumption of tea, coffee, cola drinks and chocolate. The regular use of alcohol and tobacco by adults is acceptable to three out of four and two out of five Australians, respectively. Alcohol is consumed on a weekly basis by 41% of people aged 14 years and over and daily by 9%, and 17% use tobacco on a daily basis.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Some types of illicit substance use are also quite common. More than a third (38%) of the population has at some stage in their lifetime used a substance currently listed as illicit. Cannabis is the most commonly used illicit drug, having been ‘ever used’ by more than 34% of the Australian population over their lifetime, and used within the last 12 months by almost 11%. <br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />The use of pain-killers/analgesics for non-medical purposes is reported by 6% of Australians. Almost 10% of people have ‘ever used’ amphetamines, and 8% have ‘ever used’ ecstasy. Each of these groups of substances has been used in the past 12 months by 3% of Australians.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">And, again in the United States, some 9.5 percent of full-time workers were dependent on or abused alcohol or illicit drugs in the past year. A total of 8.7 percent of full-time workers reported heavy drinking (defined as consuming five or more drinks on the same occasion on five or more days over a 30-day period), and 8.6 percent reported illicit drug use in the past month.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">The highest rates of past-month heavy alcohol use were found in employees of the mining (17.5 percent) and construction (16.5 percent) industries; the lowest rates were found in health care and social assistant workers (4.4 percent). The highest rates of past-month illicit drug use were found in accommodations and food service industry workers (19.1 percent); the lowest rates were found in public administration employees (4.3 percent). Accommodations and food service industry employees also had the highest rates of past-year abuse of any substance (16.9 percent); those in the educational services sector had the lowest (5.5 percent).</span></div>
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<span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">The use of illicit drugs increased from 16.9 percent in 2003-2007 to 19.1 percent in 2008-2012 among accommodations and food service industry workers. Construction workers, in contrast, experienced dips in workers’ past-month use of illicit drugs from 13.9 percent in 2003-2007 to 11.6 percent in 2008-2012.<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />Andrew Saxon, M.D., a professor of psychiatry at the University of Washington suggests this reflects a public health problem that is beyond the scope of anything psychiatrists can directly address in their day-to-day practices, however, psychiatrists can be (continue to be) alert for and comfortable with diagnosing and treating substance use problems in the patients that they do see since a large number of people with psychiatric disorders also have co-occurring substance use disorders.</span></div>
Jack Dikian onlinehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04457981192945424948noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5295533094666479050.post-84188730865984363772015-09-26T18:41:00.000-07:002015-09-26T18:42:49.360-07:00The weird implications of modern physics - reality itself may just be an illusion<div style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 32px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #999999; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">For those working and studying modern science (especially in modern physics) will know just how very weird its implications have become. For instance, good old objects, things we can touch, smell and feel exist as a state of energy, while waves of probability spread throughout the universe. Existence itself may only be the vibrations on microscopic, trans-dimensional strings.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #999999; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Attempts to solve problems in quantum physics often run into the problem of consciousness. Though most physicists try to sidestep the issue, it seems that there is a link between the conscious choice of experiment and the outcome of the experiment. In fact, reality itself may just be an illusion.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #999999; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Schrödinger's cat is a thought experiment, sometimes described as a paradox, devised by Austrian physicist Erwin Schrödinger in 1935 to illustrate the weird implications of some interpretations (Copenhagen) of quantum mechanics when applied to everyday objects. The scenario presents a cat that may be simultaneously both alive and dead, a state known as a quantum superposition, as a result of being linked to a random subatomic event that may or may not occur. In this scenario a cat in a sealed box, wherein the cat's life or death becomes depended on the state of a radioactive atom, whether it had decayed and emitted radiation or not. Accordingly, the cat remains both alive and dead until the box is opened and observed by a conscious being.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #999999; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">In my book, The Illusion of Reality: A Public Servant’s Secret Essays, I discuss the interplay of light with elementary particles; the idea of emergence as the arrow of time and the role the conscience mind plays in integrating, and creating reality. Much of the book is based on theoretical and mathematical conjectures – however, recent news may change all that. A team of UC Berkeley researchers published a study recently detailing a miniature invisibility cloak that can conceal objects using the principles of quantum mechanical - remember Harry Potter’s cloak?</span></div>
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<span style="color: #999999; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Under the lead of Xiang Zhang, director of materials sciences at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and professor in the campus’s department of mechanical engineering, the team created the first model of the cloak six years ago. The previous design, however, presented limitations because it was made of a bulkier material and needed to have a fixed shape.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #999999; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Based on a completely different design principle, the more recent experiment has been capable of concealing a particle that is microscopic in size, researchers said it may be able to cloak larger objects as soon as five years from now. </span></div>
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<span style="color: #999999; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">According to Zhang, there are many potential future applications of the technology. It could eliminate blind spots by making metal frames of cars transparent. Alternatively, the military may be able to use the technology to hide planes or tanks. Wrinkles and blemishes could be concealed with a design that would mold to the wearer’s features.</span></div>
Jack Dikian onlinehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04457981192945424948noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5295533094666479050.post-1411436167147891952015-08-06T16:15:00.000-07:002015-08-06T16:18:29.739-07:00Workplace mobbing is complex and real<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="color: #999999;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK2;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial;">Workplace mobbing is a complex phenomenon with negative outcomes for individual,
group and organizational effectiveness. <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixaL-eCJUlyFCk7M7K8sS2vbnIiiUzUSbdq04_ZGQtzRL7qJZLfm3A1bgOjaYhU9zkOtfM7HuxfxA775bsC1ChyphenhyphenLreqa1IyyQgUAtCFyw09vjhyphenhyphen7vZmMcK8rf0zcresEO-biLQ6USIhu7-/s1600/Jack+Dikian.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixaL-eCJUlyFCk7M7K8sS2vbnIiiUzUSbdq04_ZGQtzRL7qJZLfm3A1bgOjaYhU9zkOtfM7HuxfxA775bsC1ChyphenhyphenLreqa1IyyQgUAtCFyw09vjhyphenhyphen7vZmMcK8rf0zcresEO-biLQ6USIhu7-/s320/Jack+Dikian.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #999999;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK2;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial;">In Australia, a government
inquiry revealed that calls about workplace bullying had increased by 70
percent in three years. Statistics show that bullying affects one in three
employees; what is really worrying is that one in two have witnessed bullying
but have done nothing about it. Moreover, the actual incidence of bullying is
likely to be much higher: for every case reported, eight to 20 cases are going
unreported.</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK2;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #999999;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK2;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial;">For targets of workplace bullying </span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK2;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial;">who
suffer severe psychological and social pressure, there are many resources and
trained professionals to help them. But for targets of workplace mobbing, which
is a form of group bullying that can have even greater impacts on one’s
psychological well-being and career, there are far fewer resources. Moreover, few
mental health </span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK2;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial;">professionals are trained to recognize mobbing, much less address its
impacts. Our response to this parallel (understandably) those emotions of
grief and loss; </span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK2;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt;">the five stages, denial, anger, bargaining,
depression and acceptance. </span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK2;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK2;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="color: #999999;">Recently Current Psychiatry,
part of the US Frontline Medical Communications Inc. published a letter describing
Mobbing as more prevalent and the consequences more dire for a victim who is
feeling pressured to leave his or her job when there is little hope of getting
another one or is taking on responsibilities previously held by others who have
been laid off.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK2;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="color: #999999;">Gathering collateral
information is critical for diagnostic accuracy and well-articulated
interventions that may be recommended. Evaluators who do such assessments at
the behest of corporate clients should insist that they have access to employee
files investigative reports, and if appropriate permission to interview
supervisors, employee assistance program representatives, and human resources
personnel familiar with the case. <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></div>
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<!--StartFragment-->
<!--EndFragment--><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK2;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="color: #999999;">Mobbing is real and deserves
much greater attention by researchers and clinicians in the United States (and
one suspects elsewhere too.)</span><span style="color: #1a1a1a;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></div>
Jack Dikian onlinehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04457981192945424948noreply@blogger.com0